Key Takeaways • Open-cut per-foot installation cost is often lower, but total project cost frequently favours trenchless once restoration, traffic control, and excess soil management are factored in. • Ontario’s O. Reg. 213/91 imposes escalating safety requirements for open-cut excavations beyond 1.2 metres deep, including shoring, engineered support systems, and professional engineer involvement at 6 metres. • Municipal tenders that default to open-cut without requiring m
